It's been pointed out to me several times that the name of a new book on one particular theory of atonement has the same name as one of my songs. I gather the book is a response to some of the arguments that have been going on lately since the Chalke-gate thing happened a couple of years back. I haven't read this latest book yet; I am almost finished with A.K.M. Adam's rather wonderful Faithful Interpretation (good enough that I am actually reading all of it, carefully, not just giving it a speed-read review) and on the other side of the desk I am also reading Alan Jacobs' absolutely splendid tome, A theology of reading. I hope to blog-review these in more detail ere long, but already I would urge anyone interested in how we go about the interpretation of the Bible to get both of them.
But back to He was pierced... here are some random lunchtime thoughts on atonement theory and disagreements about doctrine.
Any thorough-going atonement theory (i.e. a theory of how the death of christ "works" to put right a broken relationship between God and humanity) is going to include some close attention to sacrifice and judgement - God's forgiveness is certainly full and free, but it isn't cheap and fluffy, and neither is it blind to the serious ills of the world. All the same, no thorough-going theology should (even unintentionally) present God as mean, judgemental and narrow-minded. I rather suspect that is really what Steve Chalke was trying to get at in his book, even though he left himself open to misunderstanding.
John MacIntyre reckons there are at least 27 different theories. I find something of value in all of them, and I don't think that any of them, in isolation, nor even all of them put toegether, are sufficient to give a full understanding of the consequences of the death of Jesus Christ. There's a lot to be said for holding different theories together - they aren't mutually exclusive, but can balance each other out and offer a richer understanding held together than by choosing one as pre-eminent over all the rest. A thoroughgoing theory of atonement needs to be multi-faceted. It needs to include an understanding of the rightful anger of God against violence, hatred, injustice, the abuse of power - in fact against all that mitigates against love. That's what sin means. An atonement theory also needs to include the idea that the cross is an inspiration and example to us to lay down our lives for our friends. (I'm quoting John quoting Jesus there, I didn't make that up). And further, it also needs a more universal view, something that reflects the idea that atonement is not limited to the sins of an individual, but that the world and everything in it is released not only from human sin, but from the grip of evil and the tendency for things to degenetrate into violence and destruction. An associated idea that should always be noted, I think, is the warning that anyone (Jesus being the first among equals in this regard) who devotes their life to justice and peace and love is likely to end up paying dearly for it. Finally, any discussion of the atonement needs to aknowledge an element of mystery - because however much sense-making our theology does of the atonement, there's always an added sense that we don't totally know "how it works", although that needn't stop us knowing it does work.
I find it really sad that something as fascinating, as poignant, as ijmportant and life-changing as the atonement is becoming a peg on which to hang arguments between different factions of the Church. I can't decide whether this spoof of the Old Rugged Cross - Old Argued Cross - is funny or sad. How particularly ironic that it was just as Easter unfolded this year that the latest argument erupted over theories of the atonement. Surely we are not supposed to be fighting about whose theory of the atonement is "the right one". Isn't the point precisely that we are not right; that we don't understand; that all our musings about God are incomplete? That only God can see everything; only God can make things right? Of course it seems unbelievable that God could be quite as generous as some dare to believe; there is this human instinct that comes variously from fear, meanness, or a form of tribal exclusivism, that wants to insist that only if we sign the "right" doctrinal statement or buy into the "right" interpretation, will God's grace work and people be allowed to belong to the Christian Club. I am so tired of liberals slagging off Evangelicals for being narrow; of evangelicals dismissing liberals for being woolly. It's so pointless. I hear the words of the Epistles of John echoing in my head - written, it would appear, by an elderly man who sums up the wisdom of his years by saying, "Children, you know the only thing that really matters in the end? - that you love one another. "
The longer I live, the more I believe that the beauty of the atonement is not that it only works if you believe it in the right way, it's that it works even if you don't understand it at all. I'm not going soft on doctrine - I love doctrine with a passion, and I spend a good slice of my life teaching it - but even I have to admit that we aren't saved by doctrine, and that God can be visibly and awesomely at work in the lives of people whose doctrine is well wide of the mark. The grace and generosity of God is, I'll grant you, completely outrageous. He seems to insist on including people in the Kingdom of God who are not like me at all. Where does it come from, this need to have doctrinal proof of someone else's salvation? I have to wonder whether that isn't precisely the kind of thing that Jesus died to save us from.
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